The use of THC-rich cannabis is no longer a trend isolated to younger generations. A recent poll by the University of Michigan’s National Poll on Healthy Aging indicates that 21% of adults aged 50 and older have used THC-containing cannabis at least once in the past year, with 12% using it monthly.
This growing trend reflects the broader societal acceptance of cannabis as both medical and recreational use becomes more commonplace due to widespread legalization. However, while cannabis offers perceived benefits for many, this trend also brings attention to the potential risks, particularly for older adults with complex health profiles.
Motivations for Cannabis Use Among Adults Aged 50+
The poll results show that adults ages 50+ are using cannabis for various reasons, many of which are tied to managing age-related health issues. The top reasons reported include:
Relaxation and well-being: 81% of older adults stated that they used cannabis to relax or feel good. This reflects cannabis’s appeal as a natural alternative to prescription relaxants or even alcohol​.
Sleep improvement: As people age, sleep disturbances become more common. Around 68% of older cannabis users reported turning to the drug to help with sleep​. THC is known to have sedative effects that can aid in falling asleep and staying asleep longer, which may appeal to those who struggle with insomnia or other sleep disorders.
Pain management: Chronic pain is another common issue among older adults, with 63% citing pain relief as a primary reason for using cannabis. Many older adults report using cannabis as an alternative or complement to prescription painkillers, particularly in response to concerns over opioid addiction.
Mental health support: Issues such as anxiety and depression are also driving cannabis use. About 53% of those surveyed mentioned using cannabis to improve their mental health. As stigma around mental health declines, more older adults may feel comfortable using cannabis to address issues they once might have ignored or relied on pharmaceuticals to manage.
Cannabis may also offer therapeutic benefits beyond these self-reported reasons. Some studies suggest that cannabinoids could help manage symptoms associated with conditions like Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, and even Alzheimer’s disease. While more research is needed to establish these effects conclusively, anecdotal evidence and initial studies suggest that cannabis could hold promise as part of holistic health management for aging populations.
Methods of Cannabis Consumption
The methods by which older adults consume cannabis are diverse and expanding. According to the poll, the majority prefer edibles (74%) and flower (58%). Edibles, such as gummies or beverages, provide a discreet and easily controlled dosage, which can be particularly appealing to older adults. Flower, often smoked or vaporized, is also popular, likely due to its long-standing association with cannabis use.
Additionally, topical applications (34%) like creams or balms that contain THC are gaining popularity, especially for treating localized pain or skin conditions. Inhalation methods such as vaping (26%) and dabbing (19%) are less popular among this demographic but are still notable given their rising trend among younger users. Dabbing, which involves inhaling concentrated THC extracts, tends to deliver stronger effects, making it less appealing for older adults who often prefer milder, more controlled experiences​.
The Risks Associated With Cannabis Use in Older Adults
While many older adults report using cannabis for health reasons, the poll also revealed several concerning behaviors and potential risks that come with its use.
Driving under the influence: One of the most significant risks uncovered by the poll was that 20% of older adults who use cannabis admitted to driving within two hours of consumption. This number rose to 27% among those who use cannabis monthly​. THC can impair motor skills, reaction time, and decision-making, making driving dangerous. Older adults, already at a higher risk for accidents due to age-related declines in vision and reflexes, are particularly vulnerable.
Dependence and tolerance: Another notable finding was that over 20% of regular cannabis users showed signs of potential cannabis dependence. Some users reported needing to increase their consumption to achieve the same effects, indicating rising tolerance​. Dependence can lead to overuse, which, while less dangerous than opioid or alcohol addiction, still presents health risks, including impaired cognitive function and increased likelihood of accidents.
Lack of communication with healthcare providers: Despite the growing use of cannabis, nearly half of the older adults surveyed who use cannabis at least monthly had not discussed their cannabis use with their doctors​. This lack of communication can be dangerous, especially for those taking other medications. Cannabis can interact with various prescription drugs, leading to unwanted side effects or diminished efficacy. For example, cannabis may increase the sedative effects of benzodiazepines or counteract medications for hypertension.
Cognitive effects: For older adults, cognitive health is a significant concern. THC has been shown to impair short-term memory and executive function, both of which are critical as people age. Long-term heavy use could exacerbate issues related to dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, although more research is needed to fully understand this relationship​
Cannabis Potency and Modern Use
Another concern is the perception of cannabis potency. The survey revealed that 79% of older adults believe that cannabis is more potent today than it was 20-30 years ago​. This is a valid concern, as the THC levels in cannabis products have indeed risen significantly. In the 1990s, the average THC content in cannabis was around 3-4%, whereas today’s strains can have THC levels upwards of 20-30%. This increase in potency can lead to more intense psychoactive effects, raising the risk of overconsumption or adverse reactions, especially among older adults unfamiliar with these stronger strains​.
Public Health and Policy Considerations
As cannabis becomes more accepted and legalized, understanding its effects on older adults is increasingly important for shaping public health policies. With 38 states now legalizing cannabis for medical or recreational use, the demographic of cannabis users is broadening. The aging population, in particular, presents unique challenges. Dr. Erin Bonar, an addiction psychologist involved in the poll, emphasizes that while cannabis can provide relief for various conditions, its use is not without risks.
Educational campaigns should focus on informing older adults about the potential risks of cannabis, including its interaction with other medications, the importance of avoiding impaired driving, and the signs of dependency. Additionally, healthcare providers should proactively discuss cannabis use with their patients, creating a more open and informative environment where older adults feel comfortable sharing their experiences.
Conclusion
The growing trend of cannabis use among adults aged 50 and older marks a significant shift in both public perception and behavior. As older adults turn to cannabis to manage pain, sleep disorders, and mental health, they are also navigating the risks associated with higher potency, dependency, and impaired driving. While cannabis offers potential benefits, it is critical for healthcare providers and public health officials to address the specific needs of this demographic, ensuring safe and informed cannabis use. With proper education and communication, older adults can maximize the benefits of cannabis while minimizing its risks.
